The progression of lung cancer patients in Japan is described along with an overview of targeted tailored treatment. To follow and evaluate treatment efficacy and result, these new targeted therapies with unique personalised medicine pharmaceuticals need for new implementations. Examples of lung cancer patients being treated with the drugs IRESSA (gefitinib) and TARCEVA (erlotinib) are provided. One of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide is lung cancer. The significance of measuring illness-specific mechanisms linked to pathway signalling activation of disease-progressive protein targets as well as the quantification of disease progression, where diagnostic-related biomarkers are being applied, is summarised. In order to address the growing expenses and difficulties, an outline is also provided, explaining modifications and adaptations in Japan. A rebuilding of the entire strategy of medical examination and clinical care has taken place as a result of the urgent execution of programmes to address these demands today.