A femoral fracture is a fracture of the bone, involving the femur. In high-impact injuries, such as car collisions, they are usually caused because of the vast amount of force required to crack the bone. Diaphysis fractures, or the center of the femur, are treated differently from those at the back, neck and trochanter

Signs and symptoms: Fractures are commonly noticeable, since high-energy trauma also causes femoral fractures. Signs of fracture include swelling, leg shortening and deformity. Extensive damage, bleeding, and shock to the soft tissues are normal. The most common symptom is extreme pain, which hinders leg movement.

Treatment: A 2015 Epidemiology review found that there is insufficient data available for possible treatments for proximal femur fractures to guide clinical practice and that a high-quality trial is a priority. Open fractures need to be surgically cleaned and patched immediately, but closed fractures can be stabilized until the patient is stable and ready for surgery

External fixators: External fixators may be used to avoid further leg injury until the patient is sufficiently healthy for surgery. It is most widely used as a conditional measure. It can however be used as an alternative to intramedullary nailing for conclusive care in some selected cases.

Types of femoral shaft fractures

Transverse fracture; Oblique fracture; Spiral fracture; Comminuted fracture

Open fracture

Compound femoral shaft fractures caused by high-velocity HVM missiles (bullets and shells) are very serious injuries and remain one of the biggest problems facing orthopedic surgeons. Closed intramedular locked nail is considered the traditional gold treatment process. Growing rates of infection, delayed union, nonunion and implant failure have, however, not always been available or appropriate.

Compound femoral shaft fractures due to high-velocity HVM missiles (bullets and shells) are very serious injuries, casualties are military and civilian, and are treated as surgical emergencies and are fraught with complications such as infection, non-union and mal-union; and bear social and economic burdens.

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